Thursday, 27 June 2019

Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Group A Rotavirus by Multiplex Semi-Nested RT-PCR in Sewage Water and Sludge

Group A rotavirus (RV-A) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human around the world. The aim of this research was to conduct a molecular characterization of RV-A glycoprotein (G) and protease-sensitive (P) in urban sewage (n=54; 27 raw sewage and 27 treated sewage) and sewage sludge (n=27) from Egypt by multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR method. RV-A was detected in 29.9% of raw sewage, 7.4% of treated sewage, and 18.5% of sewage sludge samples. In the positive samples, the RV-A G genotypes were as follow: G3 (n=6), G9 (n=3), G1 (n=2), G4 (n=1), G10 (n=1), G1+G3 (n =1), and G1+G3+G10 (n=1) whereas P types detected included: P[4] (n=1), P[6] (n=3), P[8] (n=8), and nontypeable P (n=3). The most detected G-P combination was G3P [8] (n=6). Other G-P combinations such as G1P [8] (n=2), G9P [6] (n=2), G4P [6] (n=1), and G10P[4] (n=1) were also detected. The highest detection rates of RV-A in sewage samples were found in winter (50%), followed by summer (25%), then in spring and autumn (12.5%). The results showed not only that sewage analysis contains dramatic information concerning enteric viruses, but also that environmental monitoring is an important approach in describing the local circulation of specific viruses among population.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJMB/OAJMB16000141.pdf
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Awareness of Tuberculosis in University Biotechnology Students

Tuberculosis is considered to be one of the highly contagious and lethal infectious diseases and can cause millions of deaths every year. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis affect the lungs and if not treated can lead to the death of the infected person. The basic purpose of this study was to determine the awareness of biotechnology students about this lethal disease tuberculosis. We had designed a questionnaire to evaluate the awareness of university biotechnology students based on their family history and their course studies. It is concluded from this study that most of the postgraduate students are aware of etiology, prevalence, mode of transmission and methods of treatment for tuberculosis disease.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJMB/OAJMB16000140.pdf
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Toxoplasmosis Sero- Prevalence among Aborted Women by Different Techniques in Atbara Area- River Nile State, Sudan

This cross-sectional study was conducted in River Nile state (Atbara locality) during the period from February to May, 2017. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women. One hundred fifty two aborted women were enrolled in this study with the age ranged between 20-49 years old. Blood samples were taken from all participants. All samples were examined to detect Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using LATEX, ICT and ELISA techniques. The study showed that, the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma parasite were 35.5%, 33.6% 22.4% by ELISA, LATEX agglutination and ICT respectively. The study showed that, the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections was highest (54.6 %) among the age group (41-49) years old, followed by 31-40 age group ( 33.5%) and the lowest (11.8%) among age group 20-30 years old. Assuming ELISA technique as the gold standard method, the sensitivity and specificity of the LATEX technique were 94 % and 100% while for ICT technique were 64 % and 100 %. The study concluded that, the toxoplasmosis was more prevalent among pregnant women in Atbara locality in River Nile state.

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What is the Connection of Blood Group with Lady Finger Likeliness?

Objective of present study was to correlate blood grouping with lady finger likeliness. 173 students were participated in the project studies who were students in Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. We observed blood group of different subjects and enlisted them according to their blood group connection with lady finger likeliness. During the sampling of subject, we asked them a question about our projects that are they like lady finger or not? It is concluded from the present study that B+ like the lady finger most and AB- like the lady finger least. 

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Investigation of Proteomic Responses and Anticancer Activities of an Isolated Strain of Cordyceps sinensis Under Different Nutritional Fermentation Conditions

Cordyceps sinensis is a fungal parasite on the larvae of Lepidoptera and has been used as a tonic herb in the traditional Chinese medicines. The fruit bodies of C. sinensis are limited because of the difficulty in cultivation. The mycelia produced by the fermentation have already become the best substitute for C. sinensis. The fungus strain called G308-1 strain used in this study was isolated from the fruit bodies of C. sinensis in Yunan Province of People Republic of China. From the comparisons of rDNA sequences against Gene Bank, the G308-1 strain was identified as Paecilomyces farinosus. In this study, the proteomic profiles of the G308-1 strain grown in the different liquid media containing glucose, sucrose, maltose or lactose as the sole carbon source were established using two-dimensional gel electrophoreses. The proteomes of the mycelia in the glucose media were compared respectively to those in the other three media. The comparative results showed that two, five and seventeen protein spots were repressed respectively in the mycelia in the sucrose, maltose and lactose media while six, three and eight protein spots were induced respectively. In order to explore the correlation between the proteomes and the anticancer activities of the mycelia, the water or ethanol extracts of the G308- 1 strain cultivated in various media were examined for their abilities to suppress the HepG2, Du145, Hela and MCF-7 cells. The anticancer results demonstrated that the water extracts showed the selectivity to Hela and Du 145 cells and the high concentrations of the water extracts made from the mycelia in the lactose media had better suppressive effects on the HepG2 cells. Essentially the ethanol extracts prepared from the mycelia in the lactose media showed much better inhibitory activities to each cell line than those from the other three media. The above results suggested the anticancer results might vary with the proteome profile changes which probably resulted in the production of a different array of bio-products in the mycelia under the different nutritional conditions.

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Functionally Substituted Chemical Organic Compounds: Potential Antimicrobial Substances

The development of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a global health problem for humans as well as animals. Over the past decade, the rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics has alarmingly increased. Factors contributing to this ever increasing antibiotic resistance pertain to microorganism as well as excessive and unwise use of the antibiotics. Biofilm formation and use of efflux pumps are the examples of microbial factors responsible for emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To ameliorate this condition, it is dire need of time to develop new antimicrobial agents. In this regard, chemical organic compounds are best available substances with potential antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes the antimicrobial activities of some important organic compounds as well as potential of functionally substituted chemical organic compounds as probable antimicrobial agents of future. These important organic compounds include functionally substituted derivatives of cyclohexane, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrazones, pyrazolone, triazole, thiones, isatin, indole, chalcones, quinoxaline, anthraquinones, coumarins, thiophenes, piperidine, benzoxazolinone, phthalazinone, sulfones, thiazole and volatile organic compounds.

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Genome Editing: Tools and Application in Plants

The emergence of genome editing methods promises a real revolution in genetic engineering. These technologies rely on engineered nucleases that cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner because of the presence of a sequence-specific DNAbinding domain or RNA sequence. Genome editing by engineered nuclease have the potential to change the genomic architecture of a genome at precise locations, with desired accuracy. Several engineered nucleases, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effectors nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR CAS 9 have been used in plants, promising to revolutionize conventional methods of genetic engineering. Targeted editing of the genomes of an organism used to improve productivity and quality of crops. Given the power of genome editing tools and the increasing number of researchers using and developing these tools, a revolutionary change is taking place in crop that resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses to meet the increasing demand for food and ensure world food security in the future. The review highlights the broad applicability of engineered Nuclease (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR CAS 9) mediated targeted plant genome editing and their application for development of designer crops. 

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Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana: Current Development of Fusarium Resistant Banana

Fusarium wilt of banana constantly causing considerable losses on banana industry of both local and global markets. Global exportation of banana was greatly affected by this disease since 1950s. After the emergence of a hypervirulent Tropical Race 4 strain of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, many genetic improvements aiming to create resistant cultivars were attempted, mainly through transgenic approach. This review provides the recent finding of potential resistant genes and various efforts in creating resistant cultivar from year 2008 to year 2018.

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Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Group A Rotavirus by Multiplex Semi-Nested RT-PCR in Sewage Water and Sludge

Group A rotavirus (RV-A) infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in human around the world. The aim of this research was to...